Verbs
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This page lists Kunwok verbs.
- Kunwok verbs sometimes incorporate nouns, e.g. bolknan (country-look, ie look around), bowurlhke (water-burn, ie boil). Sometimes, the meaning mightn't be predictable from the parts, e.g. bolkmang (country-get, ie arrive).
- When the meaning of a verb is predictable from its parts, we don't bother listing it.
- You need to strip off the incorporated noun when looking up the verb. For example, to find the past perfective for "bolknan", look up "nan" to find "nang" then you have it: "bolknang".
- For information about the various forms of the verb, please see Verb Conjugations. For verbs derived from adjectives see Adjectives.
- The final nj of irrealis forms is optional, e.g. "bakmeninj" or "bakmeni" are both recognised as irrealis.
| Nonpast | Conj | Past Perfective | Past Imperfective | Imperative | Irrealis | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -bakme | 1 | -bakmeng | -bakmeni | -bakmen | -bakmeninj | break (intrans) |
| -bakke | 2 | -bakkeng | -bakkeni | -bakkemen | -bakkemeninj | break (trans) |
| -barlke | 2 | -barlkeng | -barlkeni | -barlkemen | -barlkemeninj | fill |
| -bawon | 3c | -bawong | -bawoni | -bawo | -bawoyinj | leave, give up |
| -balewon | 3c | -balewong | -balewoni | -balewo | -balewoyinj | clean |
| -bangmen | 11 | -bangminj | -bangmeni | -bangmimen | -bangmeninj | become aggressive or violent |
| -baye | 2 | -bayeng | -bayeni | -bayemen | -bayemeninj | bite |
| -bebme | 1 | -bebmeng | -bebmeni | -bebmen | -bebmeninj | come out, appear, arrive |
| -bebke | 2 | -bebkeng | -bebkeni | -bebkemen | -bebkemeninj | take out, reveal |
| -bekkan | 3a | -bekkang | -bekkani | -bekka | -bekkayinj | feel, hear, touch, listen |
| -bengbun | 4b | -bengbom | -bengbuni | -bengbu | -bengbuyinj | annoy, disturb |
| -bengdayhke | 2 | -bengdayhkeng | -bengdayhkeni | -bengdayhkemen | -bengdayhkemeninj | inform, let know |
| -bengdayhme | 1 | -bengdayhmeng | -bengdayhmeni | -bengdayhmen | -bengdayhmeninj | realise |
| -bengdi | 7 | -bengdi | -bengdi | -bengdin | -bengdiwirrinj | sit waiting for word, for something to happen |
| -bengkan | 3a | -bengkang | -bengkani | -bengka | -bengkayinj | think, know, understand |
| -bengmayahme | 1 | -bengmayahmeng | -bengmayahmeni | -bengmayahmen | -bengmayahmeninj | be confused |
| -bunjhmang | 5c | -bunjhmey | -bunjhmangi | -bunjhma | -bunjhmayi | kiss |
| -bidbun | 4b | -bidbom | -bidbuni | -bidbu | -bidbuyinj | get in, climb |
| -biddjibme | 1 | -biddjibmeng | -biddjibmeni | -biddjibmen | -biddjibmeninj | stir, mix |
| -bimbun | 4b | -bimbom | -bimbuni | -bimbu | -bimbuyinj | write, draw, paint |
| -birrhme | 1 | -birrhmeng | -birrhmeni | -birrhmen | -birrhmeninj | rake, clean, clear up |
| -biwke | 2 | -biwkeng | -biwkeni | -biwkemen | -biwkemeninj | bend |
| -bodahkendong | 5a | -bodahkendoy | -bodahkendongi | -bodahkendo | -bodahkendoyinj | fill container with liquid, refuel vehicle |
| -borlbme | 1 | -borlbmeng | -borlbmeni | -borlbmen | -borlbmeninj | learn, become familiar with |
| -borledme | 1 | -borledmeng | -borledmeni | -borledmen | -borledmeninj | turn/go around (intrans) |
| -borledke | 2 | -borledkeng | -borledkeni | -borledkemen | -borledkemeninj | turn/go around (trans) |
| -borrkke | 2 | -borrkkeng | -borrkkeni | -borrkkemen | -borrkkemeninj | dance |
| -bowe | 2 | -boweng | -boweni | -bowemen | -bowemeninj | tip liquid out |
| -buhme | 1 | -buhmeng | -buhmeni | -buhmen | -buhmeninj | blow |
| -bukirribun | 4b | -bukirribom | -bukirribuni | -bukirribu | -bukirribuyinj | dream |
| -bukkan | 3a | -bukkang | -bukkani | -bukka | -bukkayinj | teach, show |
| -bun | 4b | -bom | -buni | -bu | -buyinj | hit, kill |
| -burrbun | 4b | -burrbom | -burrbuni | -burrbu | -burrbuyinj | know, understand, think |
| -burren | 10 | -burrinj | -burreni | -burremen | -burremeninj | fight (reflexive of "bun") |
| -burrknan | 3b | -burrknang | -burrknani | -burrkna | -burrknayinj | recognise |
| -dadjke | 2 | -dadjkeng | -dadjkeni | -dadjkemen | -dadjkemeninj | cut, chop |
| -dadjme | 1 | -dadjmeng | -dadjmeni | -dadjmen | -dadjmeninj | cease |
| -dahkendong | 5a | -dahkendoy | -dahkendongi | -dahkendo | -dahkendoyinj | put in container |
| -dalehmen | 11 | -dalehminj | -dalehmeni | -dalehmimen | -dalehmeninj | dry up, get dry (esp of country) |
| -dangbalhme | 1 | -dangbalhmeng | -dangbalhmeni | -dangbalhmen | -dangbalhmeninj | close |
| -dangwerren | 10 | -dangwerrinj | -dangwerreni | -dangwerremen | -dangwerremeninj | argue with each other |
| -dedjdong | 5a | -dedjdoy | -dedjdongi | -dedjdo | -dedjdoyinj | copulate (vulg.) pron dedjong |
| -derrehme | 1 | -derrehmeng | -derrehmeni | -derrehmen | -derrehmeninj | move closer |
| -derrehke | 2 | -derrehkeng | -derrehkeni | -derrehkemen | -derrehkemeninj | shift along, move over (trans) |
| -di | 7 | -di | -di | -din | -diwirrinj | be, be standing |
| -dirri | 7 | -dirri | -dirri | -dirrin | -dirriwirrinj | play |
| -dilebun | 4b | -dilebom | -dilebuni | -dilebu | -dilebuyinj | urinate |
| -djakdung | 5a | -djakduy | -djakdungi | -djakdu | -djakduyinj | rain |
| -djangkan | 3a | -djangkang | -djangkani | -djangka | -djangkayinj | go hunting |
| -djarrngbun | 4b | -djarrngbom | -djarrngbuni | -djarrngbu | -djarrngbuyinj | choose |
| -djawan | 4a | -djawam | -djawani | -djawa | -djawayinj | ask |
| -djihbun | 4b | -djihbom | -djihbuni | -djihbu | -djihbuyinj | sneeze |
| -djirdmang | 5c | -djirdmey | -djirdmangi | -djirdma | -djirdmayi | steal |
| -djobke | 2 | -djobkeng | -djobkeni | -djobkemen | -djobkemeninj | cut, slice |
| -djongburren | 10 | -djongburrinj | -djongburreni | -djongburremen | -djongburremeninj | get dressed |
| -djordmen | 11 | -djordminj | -djordmeni | -djordmimen | -djordmeninj | grow up (living being), mature |
| -djorndong | 5a | -djorndoy | -djorndongi | -djorndo | -djorndoyinj | pound |
| -djowkke | 2 | -djowkkeng | -djowkkeni | -djowkkemen | -djowkkemeninj | cross over |
| -djuhke | 2 | -djuhkeng | -djuhkeni | -djuhkemen | -djuhkemeninj | splash (trans) |
| -djurrkmang | 5c | -djurrkmey | -djurrkmangi | -djurrkma | -djurrkmayi | pull |
| -djurrkwon | 3c | -djurrkwong | -djurrkwoni | -djurrkwo | -djurrkwoyinj | get excited, be enthusiastic |
| -dokme | 1 | -dokmeng | -dokmeni | -dokmen | -dokmeninj | set off, get going |
| -dolkkan | 3a | -dolkkang | -dolkkani | -dolkka | -dolkkayinj | stand up |
| -dombun | 4b | -dombom | -dombuni | -dombu | -dombuyinj | extinguish |
| -dong | 5a | -doy | -dongi | -do | -doyinj | strike |
| -dowen | 2 | -doweng | -doweni | -dowemen | -dowemeninj | die, feel unwell |
| -dudje | 2 | -dudjeng | -dudjeni | -dudjemen | -dudjemeninj | plant, bury |
| -dukkan | 3a | -dukkang | -dukkani | -dukka | -dukkayinj | tie up |
| -dulubun | 4b | -dulubom | -dulubuni | -dulubu | -dulubuyinj | shoot, pierce |
| -dung | 5a | -duy | -dungi | -du | -duyinj | swear at |
| -durndeng | 5b | -durndi | -durndengi | -durnde | -durndeyinj | return |
| -durren | 10 | -durrinj | -durreni | -durremen | -durremeninj | abuse or curse each other (reflexive of "dung") |
| -durrkmirri | 7 | -durrkmirri | -durrkmirri | -durrkmirrin | -durrkmirriwirrinj | work |
| -kabun | 4b | -kabom | -kabuni | -kabu | -kabuyinj | nurse |
| -kadjung | 5a | -kadjuy | -kadjungi | -kadju | -kadjuyinj | follow |
| -kalikan | 3a | -kalikang | -kalikani | -kalika | -kalikayinj | have sex with |
| -kan | 3a | -kang | -kani | -ka | -kayinj | take, carry along |
| -kardmang | 5c | -kardmey | -kardmangi | -kardma | -kardmayi | catch fish (with hook) |
| -karemen | 11 | -kareminj | -karemeni | -karemimen | -karemeninj | become old |
| -karrme | 1 | -karrmeng | -karrmeni | -karrmen | -karrmeninj | have, hold, keep, touch |
| -karung | 5a | -karuy | -karungi | -karu | -karuyinj | dig |
| -kayhme | 1 | -kayhmeng | -kayhmeni | -kayhmen | -kayhmeninj | yell, call out |
| -kelemen | 11 | -keleminj | -kelemeni | -kelemimen | -kelemeninj | be afraid |
| -kimukmen | 11 | -kimukminj | -kimukmeni | -kimukmimen | -kimukmeninj | get big |
| -kinje | 2 | -kinjeng | -kinjeni | -kinjemen | -kinjemeninj | cook |
| -kodjdjobke | 2 | -kodjdjobkeng | -kodjdjobkeni | -kodjdjobkemen | -kodjdjobkemeninj | sulk |
| -kolung | 5a | -koluy | -kolungi | -kolu | -koluyinj | go down |
| -kongibun | 4b | -kongibom | -kongibuni | -kongibu | -kongibuyinj | feel compassion for |
| -kurrme | 1 | -kurrmeng | -kurrmeni | -kurrmen | -kurrmeninj | put, place |
| -kurren | 10 | -kurrinj | -kurreni | -kurremen | -kurremeninj | deceive, trick |
| -ladmen | 11 | -ladminj | -ladmeni | -ladmimen | -ladmeninj | become hot |
| -lobme | 1 | -lobmeng | -lobmeni | -lobmen | -lobmeninj | run, drive, function |
| -lirrhmerren | 10 | -lirrhmerrinj | -lirrhmerreni | -lirrhmerremen | -lirrhmerremeninj | scratch oneself |
| -madbun | 4b | -madbom | -madbuni | -madbu | -madbuyinj | wait |
| -makmen | 11 | -makminj | -makmeni | -makmimen | -makmeninj | become good |
| -mang | 5c | -mey | -mangi | -ma | -mayi | get |
| -mankan | 3a | -mankang | -mankani | -manka | -mankayinj | fall |
| -marnbun | 4b | -marnbom | -marnbuni | -marnbu | -marnbuyinj | make, repair, heal, prepare |
| -marrhmang | 5c | -marrhmey | -marrhmangi | -marrhma | -marrhmayi | open |
| -mayahme | 1 | -mayahmeng | -mayahmeni | -mayahmen | -mayahmeninj | be lost |
| -nahnan | 3b | -nahnang | -nahnani | -nahna | -nahnayinj | look after, watch over |
| -nalkbun | 4b | -nalkbom | -nalkbuni | -nalkbu | -nalkbuyinj | cry |
| -nan | 3b | -nang | -nani | -na | -nayinj | see |
| -ngalke | 2 | -ngalkeng | -ngalkeni | -ngalkemen | -ngalkemeninj | find |
| -ngeybun | 4b | -ngeybom | -ngeybuni | -ngeybu | -ngeybuyinj | to be named |
| -ngimen | 11 | -ngiminj | -ngimeni | -ngimimen | -ngimeninj | go inside |
| -ngudmen | 11 | -ngudminj | -ngudmeni | -ngudmimen | -ngudmeninj | be quiet |
| -ngukdeng | 5b | -ngukdi | -ngukdengi | -ngukde | -ngukdeyinj | defecate |
| -ni | 7 | -ni | -ni | -nin | -niwirrinj | be, be sitting |
| -njokme | 1 | -njokmeng | -njokmeni | -njokmen | -njokmeninj | bark |
| -njudme | 1 | -njudmeng | -njudmeni | -njudmen | -njudmeninj | blow nose |
| -rawon | 3c | -rawong | -rawoni | -rawo | -rawoyinj | combine, mix, add |
| -rohrokme | 1 | -rohrokmeng | -rohrokmeni | -rohrokmen | -rohrokmeninj | try, attempt |
| -rung | 5a | -ruy | -rungi | -ru | -ruyinj | burn |
| -wakbun | 4b | -wakbom | -wakbuni | -wakbu | -wakbuyinj | go around |
| -wake | 2 | -wakeng | -wakeni | -wakemen | -wakemeninj | crawl |
| -wakwan | 4a | -wakwam | -wakwani | -wakwa | -wakwayinj | not know |
| -warlbun | 4b | -warlbom | -warlbuni | -warlbu | -warlbuyinj | hunt |
| -warlkkan | 3a | -warlkkang | -warlkkani | -warlkka | -warlkkayinj | hide |
| -warrke | 2 | -warrkeng | -warrkeni | -warrkemen | -warrkemeninj | drop, lose |
| -warremen | 11 | -warreminj | -warremeni | -warremimen | -warremeninj | go bad |
| -warrewon | 3c | -warrewong | -warrewoni | -warrewo | -warrewoyinj | ruin, wrong, spoil (trans) |
| -wayhke | 2 | -wayhkeng | -wayhkeni | -wayhkemen | -wayhkemeninj | lift |
| -wayini | 7 | -wayini | -wayini | -wayinin | -wayiniwirrinj | sing |
| -we | 2 | -weng | -weni | -wemen | -wemeninj | throw |
| -widnan | 3b | -widnang | -widnani | -widna | -widnayinj | dislike |
| -woknan | 3b | -woknang | -woknani | -wokna | -woknayinj | -call out, leavetake |
| -wolngwon | 3c | -wolngwong | -wolngwoni | -wolngwo | -wolngwoyinj | warm, heat up (trans) |
| -won | 3c | -wong | -woni | -wo | -woyinj | give |
| -worrkmen | 11 | -worrkminj | -worrkmeni | -worrkmimen | -worrkmeninj | be full of food |
| -wungme | 1 | -wungmeng | -wungmeni | -wungmen | -wungmeninj | smoke |
| -wurlebme | 1 | -wurlebmeng | -wurlebmeni | -wurlebmen | -wurlebmeninj | swim, go into water, bathe, shower |
| -wurlebke | 2 | -wurlebkeng | -wurlebkeni | -wurlebkemen | -wurlebkemeninj | put under water |
| -wurlhke | 2 | -wurlhkeng | -wurlhkeni | -wurlhkemen | -wurlhkemeninj | burn, heat |
| -yakbun | 4b | -yakbom | -yakbuni | -yakbu | -yakbuyinj | empty out |
| -yakmen | 11 | -yakminj | -yakmeni | -yakmimen | -yakmeninj | finish, run out |
| -yame | 1 | -yameng | -yameni | -yamen | -yameninj | spear |
| -yawan | 4a | -yawam | -yawani | -yawa | -yawayinj | look for |
| -yayme | 1 | -yaymeng | -yaymeni | -yaymen | -yaymeninj | be itchy |
| -yerrke | 2 | -yerrkeng | -yerrkeni | -yerrkemen | -yerrkemeninj | pull |
| -yerrkan | 3a | -yerrkang | -yerrkani | -yerrka | -yerrkayinj | sit |
| -yiddung | 5a | -yidduy | -yiddungi | -yiddu | -yidduyinj | get angry |
| -yime | 1 | -yimeng | -yimeni | -yimen | -yimeninj | say, do, call, act |
| -yolyolme | 1 | -yolyolmeng | -yolyolmeni | -yolyolmen | -yolyolmeninj | tell story, relate news |
Irregular Verbs
| Nonpast | Past Perfective | Past Imperfective | Imperative | Irrealis | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -dangen | -danginj | -dangeni | -dangimen | -dangemeninj | stand |
| -bengmiddan | -bengmiddanj | -bengmiddangeni | -bengmiddangimen | -bengmiddangemeninj | forget |
| -ngun | -nguneng | -nguni | -ngu | -nguyi | eat |
| -re | -wam | -rayi | -ray | -rayinj | go |
| -waydan | -waydi | -waydanj | -wayda | -waydangemeninj | be raised |
| -wokdi | -wokdanj | -wokdi | -wokdin | -wokdiwirrinj | talk, speak |
| -yimerran | -yimerranj | -yimerrangeni | -yimerrangimen | -yimerrangemeninj | become, turn into |
| -yo | -yoy | -yoy | -yun | -yuwirrinj | lie |
-bongun (drink) and -balhngun (copulate, vulg) follow the ngun pattern
